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Difference between revisions of "GNU/Linux Directory Structure"
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'''GNU/Linux''' and other UNIX-like operating systems follow a similar | '''GNU/Linux''' and other UNIX-like operating systems follow a similar | ||
| − | directory structure, as defined by the '''Filesystem Hierarchy | + | directory structure, as defined by the '''Filesystem Hierarchy''' |
| − | Standard''' , an organization maintained by the Linux foundation. There | + | '''Standard''', an organization maintained by the Linux foundation. |
| − | are also some directories that aren't defined by the standard. | + | There are also some directories that aren't defined by the standard. |
== / == | == / == | ||
| − | + | {{ic|/}} or Root directory is the top-most directory in the | |
hierarchy. This is where all the other file systems or mounted when | hierarchy. This is where all the other file systems or mounted when | ||
| − | the system boots up. Not to be confused with [[GNU/ | + | the system boots up. Not to be confused with |
| − | + | [[GNU/Linux_Directory_Structure#.2Froot|/root]]. | |
=== /bin === | === /bin === | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
==== /usr/local ==== | ==== /usr/local ==== | ||
| + | {{ic|/usr/local}} is like the {{ic|/bin}} directory but executables which should not | ||
| + | be update as it could cause issues | ||
=== /var === | === /var === | ||
| Line 118: | Line 120: | ||
usr | usr | ||
var | var | ||
| + | {{note|The {{ic|->}} refers to [[Wikipedia:symlinks| symlinks]]}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:GNU/Linux]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:49, 11 December 2022
GNU/Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems follow a similar directory structure, as defined by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, an organization maintained by the Linux foundation. There are also some directories that aren't defined by the standard.
Contents
/
/ or Root directory is the top-most directory in the
hierarchy. This is where all the other file systems or mounted when
the system boots up. Not to be confused with
/root.
/bin
/bin stands for binaries. It contains necessary coreutils
required to mount other directories. In most distributions, this
exists as a symlink to /usr/bin.
/boot
The /boot directory contains all the files necessary for
booting up the system. Mostly consists of bootloader and kernel
files.
/dev
/dev abbreviates as devices. Everything is a file in GNU/Linux,
even devices. The hardware is represented as a special file. Also
contains some pseudo-devices, such as /dev/urandom and
/dev/null.
/etc
The /etc (et cetera) directory consists of system-wide
configuration files and databases.
/lib
The /lib directory has some important C libraries required by
the /bin directory. There also exists lib32 and/or lib64 depending on
the system architecture. It exists as a symlink to /usr/lib in most
distributions.
/home
The home directory has a folder for each user. It enables to
have user-specific configuration files. By default each user has read
and write access to their home directory and must need special
elevated permissions to modify files outside their home directory. If
your username is gentoo, then your home directory would be
/home/gentoo.
/media
The mount point for devices such as USB drives and other media devices.
/opt
/opt (Optional) is where locally installed software exists.
/mnt
Temporary directories are mounted in /mnt. For example, in a
dual-booted system, you'd mount the windows partition as
/mnt/windows.
/tmp
This is the place where temporary files are stored. This directory is cleaned during startup.
/root
This is similar to a /home directory but for the root user, aka system administrator.
/sbin
This is like a /bin directory but for commands used by system administrators. Consists of important commands for starting, maintaining and recovering the system.
/usr
The /usr directory contains executable, libraries, and other shared resources.
/usr/local
/usr/local is like the /bin directory but executables which should not
be update as it could cause issues
/var
The /var (variable) directory, is where important information like caches, log files, etc are stored. This is similar to /tmp but the files aren't clear during startup.
Example directory structure
bin -> usr/bin boot dev etc home lib -> usr/lib lib64 -> usr/lib lost+found mnt opt proc root run sbin -> usr/bin srv sys tmp usr var
