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GNU/Linux ricing
GNU/Linux distributions are well known for their ability to customize the way they work to a large degree. The purpose of this page is to give the reader some ideas on what can be customized and how.
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Window managers
Currently most GNU/Linux distributions use X.org for drawing the desktop (with wayland being planned to replace it later). X.org is designed to be modular and highly customizable. One of the results of this design are that X.org doesn't manage windows, instead depending on a special client application called a window manager. Said window manager (WM in short) moves and resizes windows, among other things, often in response to user input. Window managers also do many more, like automatic windows layout, compositing, drawing decorations, drawing panels, providing multiple workspaces etc.
Window managers can be divided into these three categories:
- Stacking - they allow windows to draw their contents one after another on the desktop, starting with the one which is the most obscured one and going up in the "Z order".
- Compositing - provide a buffer for each window to draw on and then compose those buffers together creating the desktop image. This type of window manager allows use of semitransparent windows.
- Tiling - The windows do not overlap.
- Static tiling WMs such as ratpoison always use a set number of equal size tiles, and the tiles do not move
- Dynamic tiling WMs such as awesome allow you to change the layout of the tiles, the number of tiles onscreen, and other things. it should be noted that awesome also has a stacking mode in addition to many tiling configurations.
It should be added that many WMs are stacking and tiling at the same time, and the behaviour can be switched by the user.
It's also possible, for WMs that don't tile windows, to use a separate application that works together with the main windows manager and tiles windows (for example: pytyle).
Finally, there exists programs such as xcompmgr, that work together with a non-compositing WM making it compose windows, allowing for effects such as transparency.
List of window managers and similar tools
List of window managers in arch wiki
Dynamic:
- Awesome - config file is written in lua, very flexible.
- Dwm - configuration is done through the config.h source file. Dwm needs to be recompiled for config.h changes to be applied
- i3
- monsterwm
Tiling:
Compositing:
- Compiz - is a compositing WM being developed since 2006. It uses OpenGL (AIGLX). It is know for having a lot functionality and providing many interesting effects. However, it can cause problems if the graphics are faulty.
- KWin - is a compositing WM used in KDE. It's comparable in feature set to compiz.
- Mutter - the default windows manager for GNOME.
- Xfwm - the default WM for XFCE.
Stacking:
Compositing tools for stacking/tiling managers:
Tiling tools for non-tiling WMs:
For some more information on this topic, see: this page.
GTK Themes
There are a number of great themes. All of these are GTK3 compatible.
- Numix - A very popular theme.
- Numix Arctic
- Hope
- Naos
- Simplix - Supports Xfwm, Xfce-Notify, GTK2, GTK3
- Lazulum
- Zukiwi
- Xflat a rat - Minimalist looking
- ElementaryLi - Make your distro look like a Mac!
- Greybird - See above
Desktop Environments
- KDE
- KDE is more resource intensive, but if you want something with a bit more features, eyecandy, and stabilizability, this may be for you.
- GNOME
- GNOME 3 is great for people who like it, or don't know what a DE is.
- Cinnamon
- Nearly as lightweight as Xfce, GNOME fork with a traditional desktop. Very customiseable and featureful.
- Xfce
- XFCE is a less resource-intensive DE. If you want something that runs faster without giving up too many features, this is for you.
- LXDE
- LXDE is the most minimal DE around. If you are running on a toaster supercluster or just need the most battery life out of your freedom device, and are too lazy/dumb to setup a WM, LXDE is the only correct choice.
