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Difference between revisions of "C++ for new friends"

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(needs moar tabs, stylistic fixups (CONSISTENCY!), et al)
Line 10: Line 10:
 
#include <iostream>
 
#include <iostream>
  
//int main is where you will be writing your code example
+
// int main is where you will be writing your code example
//int main(){code goes here}
+
// int main(){code goes here}
 
int main()
 
int main()
 
{
 
{
//std::cout is sending the text to your screen
+
// std::cout is sending the text to your screen
//std::endl creates a new line
+
// std::endl creates a new line
std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
+
// note: 'std::' means you are using a member of the namespace 'std'
std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
+
// more on that later.
//Note: all statements must end with a ; such as above
+
std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
 +
std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
 +
// note: all statements must end with a ; such as above
  
  
return 0;
+
return 0;
 
}
 
}
  
Line 38: Line 40:
 
int main()
 
int main()
 
{
 
{
//Numbers in C can be stored in variables
+
// Numbers in C (or C++) can be stored in variables
//Each type can store a different type of data
+
// Each type can store a different type of data
//For example an int is created by typing keyword int followed by a name, for this example bill
+
// For example an int is created by typing keyword int followed by a name, for this example bill
int bill; //this int can store Integers -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 etc
+
int bill; //this int can store Integers -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 etc
bool tom; //can store true or false
+
bool tom; //can store true or false
float jim; //can store a decimal
+
float jim; //can store a decimal
char tommy; //this takes characters such as 'x' or 'b'
+
char tommy; //this takes characters such as 'x' or 'b'
//variables can be created with no data and set later in the program such as here
 
bill = 5;
 
tom = true;
 
jim = 1.5;
 
tommy = 'b';
 
//Just to prove everything works we will print these to the screen
 
  
std::cout<< "BIL "<<bill<<std::endl;
+
// variables can be created with no data and set later in the program such as here
std::cout<< "TOM "<<tom<<std::endl;
+
bill = 5;
std::cout<< "JIM "<<jim<<std::endl;
+
tom = true;
std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
+
jim = 1.5;
 +
tommy = 'b';
  
//note tom will appear as 1 or 0 depending on the true/false state  
+
// just to prove everything works we will print these to the screen
 +
std::cout<< "BIL "<<bill<<std::endl;
 +
std::cout<< "TOM "<<tom<<std::endl;
 +
std::cout<< "JIM "<<jim<<std::endl;
 +
std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
 +
// note: tom will appear as 1 or 0 depending on the true/false state  
  
 
+
return 0;
return 0;
 
 
}
 
}
  
Line 76: Line 77:
 
{
 
{
  
int bill = 5;
+
int bill = 5;
char tommy = 'b';
+
char tommy = 'b';
//the if statement will look if the condition inside its brackets is true,
+
// the if statement will look if the condition inside its brackets is true,
//if it is it will run the block of code below
+
// if it is it will run the block of code below
//we are using the Equal to operator "==" to check if bill is equal to 5
+
// we are using the Equal to operator "==" to check if bill is equal to 5
 
 
//other operators include
 
// != Not equal to
 
//> Greater than
 
//<= Less than or equal to
 
//>= Greater than or equal to
 
 
 
 
 
if(bill == 5)
 
{
 
    tommy = 'X';
 
    //because bill is equal to 5 tommy will become X
 
}
 
 
 
if(bill == 6)
 
{
 
    tommy = 'Y';
 
    //because bill is not equal to 6 this code is ignored
 
}
 
  
std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
+
// other operators include
 +
// != Not equal to
 +
// > Greater than
 +
// <= Less than or equal to
 +
// >= Greater than or equal to
  
 +
if(bill == 5)
 +
{
 +
tommy = 'X';
 +
// because bill is equal to 5 tommy will become X
 +
}
  
 +
if(bill == 6)
 +
{
 +
tommy = 'Y';
 +
//because bill is not equal to 6 this code is ignored
 +
}
  
 +
std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
  
return 0;
+
return 0;
 
}
 
}
  
Line 122: Line 119:
 
int main()
 
int main()
 
{
 
{
 +
int bill = 5;
 +
char tommy = 'b';
 +
 +
// like if, the while loop will run code if the condition is true
 +
// unlike if, while loops do not stop until the condition becomes false
 +
// below we used the Not equal to operator to check if bill is not equal to 0
 +
while (bill != 0)
 +
{
 +
std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
 +
//while bill is not equal to 0 the loop will run and print out tommy
 +
bill--;
 +
//the loop will also reduce bill by 1  each time it runs
 +
//thanks to the decrement operator "bill--" bill could also be Incremented with "bill++"
 +
}
  
int bill = 5;
+
return 0;
char tommy = 'b';
 
//like if, the while loop will run code if the condition is true
 
//unlike if, while loops do not stop until the condition becomes false
 
//below we used the Not equal to operator to check if bill is not equal to 0
 
while (bill != 0)
 
{
 
    std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
 
    //while bill is not equal to 0 the loop will run and print out tommy
 
    bill--;
 
    //the loop will also reduce bill by 1  each time it runs
 
    //thanks to the decrement operator "bill--" bill could also be Incremented with "bill++"
 
}
 
return 0;
 
 
}
 
}
  

Revision as of 22:05, 4 February 2014

It is recommended to use an IDE, for a tutorial on how to set one up click HERE
Other great resource for learning C++ from the ground up.


Printing text to the screen

//Text that starts with "//" is ignored by the compiler 
//This is the library that allows you to use the "cout" and "endl" objects
#include <iostream>

// int main is where you will be writing your code example
// int main(){code goes here}
int main()
{
	// std::cout is sending the text to your screen
	// std::endl creates a new line
	// note: 'std::' means you are using a member of the namespace 'std'
	// more on that later.
	std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "This text will appear on your sceen" << std::endl;
	// note: all statements must end with a ; such as above


	return 0;
}





Using Data


#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	// Numbers in C (or C++) can be stored in variables
	// Each type can store a different type of data
	// For example an int is created by typing keyword int followed by a name, for this example bill
	int bill; //this int can store Integers -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 etc
	bool tom; //can store true or false
	float jim; //can store a decimal
	char tommy; //this takes characters such as 'x' or 'b'

	// variables can be created with no data and set later in the program such as here
	bill = 5;
	tom = true;
	jim = 1.5;
	tommy = 'b';

	// just to prove everything works we will print these to the screen
	std::cout<< "BIL "<<bill<<std::endl;
	std::cout<< "TOM "<<tom<<std::endl;
	std::cout<< "JIM "<<jim<<std::endl;
	std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
	// note: tom will appear as 1 or 0 depending on the true/false state 

	return 0;
}




Conditions

#include <iostream>

int main()
{

	int bill = 5;
	char tommy = 'b';
	// the if statement will look if the condition inside its brackets is true,
	// if it is it will run the block of code below
	// we are using the Equal to operator "==" to check if bill is equal to 5

	// other operators include 
	// !=	Not equal to
	// >	Greater than
	// <=	Less than or equal to
	// >=	Greater than or equal to

	if(bill == 5)
	{
		tommy = 'X';
		// because bill is equal to 5 tommy will become X
	}

	if(bill == 6)
	{
		tommy = 'Y';
		//because bill is not equal to 6 this code is ignored
	}

	std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;

	return 0;
}





Loops

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	int bill = 5;
	char tommy = 'b';

	// like if, the while loop will run code if the condition is true
	// unlike if, while loops do not stop until the condition becomes false
	// below we used the Not equal to operator to check if bill is not equal to 0
	while (bill != 0)
	{
		std::cout<< "TOMMY "<<tommy<<std::endl;
		//while bill is not equal to 0 the loop will run and print out tommy
		bill--;
		//the loop will also reduce bill by 1  each time it runs 
		//thanks to the decrement operator "bill--" bill could also be Incremented with "bill++"
	}

	return 0;
}