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Difference between revisions of "Tape storage"
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== What is it? == | == What is it? == | ||
* Tape storage is commonly used technology for creating backups in enterprise industry. However that didn't stop some autistic people to use it for home usage. | * Tape storage is commonly used technology for creating backups in enterprise industry. However that didn't stop some autistic people to use it for home usage. | ||
| − | * Magnetic tape is, along with optical and magnetic platters, technologies to store data. | + | * Magnetic tape is, along with optical and magnetic platters, one technologies to store data. |
| − | * Tape is a relatively long spooled magnetic tape wrapped up in a plastic case (like VHS, but not a floppy disk). The | + | * Tape is a relatively long spooled magnetic tape wrapped up in a plastic case (like VHS, but not a floppy disk). |
| + | ** The size of tape is a result of tape length / width and density (i.e. how many data can you put on on given area). | ||
| + | ** There is often a term of raw storage and compressed storage (which is often esitmated as 2x raw storage). Now be a smart anon and guess which size producers are printing out in labels? | ||
* Streamer is a single unit which handles one tape and allows for R/W operations. It requires something to insert/eject tapes (either manually or by some automation) | * Streamer is a single unit which handles one tape and allows for R/W operations. It requires something to insert/eject tapes (either manually or by some automation) | ||
| − | + | * Tape library is a complex tool that: | |
| − | Tape library is a tool that: | + | ** can store more than one streamer |
| − | * can store more than one streamer | + | ** can store from hundreds up to thousands |
| − | * can store from hundreds up to thousands | + | ** contains a "robot" which is able to pick those tapes and insert / eject those |
| − | * contains a "robot" which is able to pick those tapes and insert / eject those | + | ** tape cases are mostly labelled with barcode to help with robot navigating |
| − | * tape cases are mostly labelled with barcode to help with robot navigating | + | ** And it is '''is fucking expensive'''. More than your whole NAS / backup investment is worth it already. |
| − | * '''is fucking expensive'''. More than your whole NAS / backup investment is worth it already. | + | * Tape solutions tend to have "generations", each aiming mostly for doubling it's size. But some features are being included as well. |
| − | |||
| − | Tape solutions tend to have "generations", each aiming mostly for doubling it's size. But some features are being included as well. | ||
| − | |||
=== Pros === | === Pros === | ||
* Tape storage key advantage is cost effectiveness, as price per GB/TB is the best one compared to other types. | * Tape storage key advantage is cost effectiveness, as price per GB/TB is the best one compared to other types. | ||
| + | * TBD: Better for long term storage than other solutions. Except for M-Discs | ||
* NOTE: Some better calculations needs to be done. Those on-sale shucked HDDs might beg to differ. | * NOTE: Some better calculations needs to be done. Those on-sale shucked HDDs might beg to differ. | ||
=== Cons === | === Cons === | ||
| − | * | + | * Huge entry investment. |
| − | * Weak integration with OS | + | * Weak integration with OS in old solutions |
| + | ** TBD: No practical free software in first place. | ||
* Slow R/W operations | * Slow R/W operations | ||
| − | * Also manually juggling the tapes | + | * Also manually juggling the tapes is tiresome. Consider just how many tapes you need to make a full backup and how often would you need to do that? |
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Should I consider using it == | == Should I consider using it == | ||
| Line 39: | Line 38: | ||
Long answer: In general some calculations needs to be done to figure whether you should bother at all. Besides you don't want to manually handle dozens of tapes on regular basis. | Long answer: In general some calculations needs to be done to figure whether you should bother at all. Besides you don't want to manually handle dozens of tapes on regular basis. | ||
| − | If anything LTO-5 is absolute minimum you want to consider these days | + | If anything LTO-5 is absolute minimum you want to consider these days. |
== How integration with OS looks like == | == How integration with OS looks like == | ||
| − | LTO-5 | + | Since LTO-5 and later LTFS had been introduced, which allows to treat loaded tape like a removable media on windows' explorer. |
Pretty great and works well with robocopy command. | Pretty great and works well with robocopy command. | ||
| − | Pre LTO-5 and other tape solutions? Not such a thing. | + | Pre LTO-5 and and other tape solutions? Not such a thing. Either you need to use some 3rd party software (some windows versions had this "OS tape backup"??) |
| − | Either you need to use some 3rd party software | ||
Dunno about linux, but in best case you can literally type commands to /dev/<tape> to rewind tapes and use dd command to make copies. | Dunno about linux, but in best case you can literally type commands to /dev/<tape> to rewind tapes and use dd command to make copies. | ||
| Line 58: | Line 56: | ||
* Streamer unit. Which is the biggest cake and root of all problems. | * Streamer unit. Which is the biggest cake and root of all problems. | ||
| − | |||
Streamer has two categories. | Streamer has two categories. | ||
| Line 67: | Line 64: | ||
Second is: | Second is: | ||
* Internal - Most of those is 5,25" size so it should fit PC. Make sure your HBA has internal connectors. | * Internal - Most of those is 5,25" size so it should fit PC. Make sure your HBA has internal connectors. | ||
| − | * External - Requires additional AC outlet. Make sure your HBA has external connectors. | + | * External - Requires additional AC outlet. Make sure your HBA has external connectors. (is it just wrapped up internal inside some fancy case?) |
== HBA card == | == HBA card == | ||
Revision as of 19:49, 20 March 2021
I've never made a wiki page before. Please be patient with my autism.
Contents
What is it?
- Tape storage is commonly used technology for creating backups in enterprise industry. However that didn't stop some autistic people to use it for home usage.
- Magnetic tape is, along with optical and magnetic platters, one technologies to store data.
- Tape is a relatively long spooled magnetic tape wrapped up in a plastic case (like VHS, but not a floppy disk).
- The size of tape is a result of tape length / width and density (i.e. how many data can you put on on given area).
- There is often a term of raw storage and compressed storage (which is often esitmated as 2x raw storage). Now be a smart anon and guess which size producers are printing out in labels?
- Streamer is a single unit which handles one tape and allows for R/W operations. It requires something to insert/eject tapes (either manually or by some automation)
- Tape library is a complex tool that:
- can store more than one streamer
- can store from hundreds up to thousands
- contains a "robot" which is able to pick those tapes and insert / eject those
- tape cases are mostly labelled with barcode to help with robot navigating
- And it is is fucking expensive. More than your whole NAS / backup investment is worth it already.
- Tape solutions tend to have "generations", each aiming mostly for doubling it's size. But some features are being included as well.
Pros
- Tape storage key advantage is cost effectiveness, as price per GB/TB is the best one compared to other types.
- TBD: Better for long term storage than other solutions. Except for M-Discs
- NOTE: Some better calculations needs to be done. Those on-sale shucked HDDs might beg to differ.
Cons
- Huge entry investment.
- Weak integration with OS in old solutions
- TBD: No practical free software in first place.
- Slow R/W operations
- Also manually juggling the tapes is tiresome. Consider just how many tapes you need to make a full backup and how often would you need to do that?
Should I consider using it
NO
That was the short answer.
Medium answer: Rather not. The entry investment is pretty expensive.
Long answer: In general some calculations needs to be done to figure whether you should bother at all. Besides you don't want to manually handle dozens of tapes on regular basis.
If anything LTO-5 is absolute minimum you want to consider these days.
How integration with OS looks like
Since LTO-5 and later LTFS had been introduced, which allows to treat loaded tape like a removable media on windows' explorer. Pretty great and works well with robocopy command.
Pre LTO-5 and and other tape solutions? Not such a thing. Either you need to use some 3rd party software (some windows versions had this "OS tape backup"??)
Dunno about linux, but in best case you can literally type commands to /dev/<tape> to rewind tapes and use dd command to make copies.
Parts
In order to work with that you will need the following:
- For workstation a HBA card which will handle communication with unit.
- Also consider that the panel size might be dedicated for server PC, not consumer PC.
- Cable itself. Kid you not but it's expense by itself. Be wary as external and internal cables tend to differ.
- Streamer unit. Which is the biggest cake and root of all problems.
Streamer has two categories.
First is:
- FH - full height. It's someting about 2 5,25" sizes.
- HH - half height. It takes 1 slot of 5,25" size. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzb-RjkKV3I how it fits nicely PC.
Second is:
- Internal - Most of those is 5,25" size so it should fit PC. Make sure your HBA has internal connectors.
- External - Requires additional AC outlet. Make sure your HBA has external connectors. (is it just wrapped up internal inside some fancy case?)
HBA card
Host (bus) adapter in short just allows connect with devices via server-type cabling.
Common types
- SCSI - old af. Don't bother with it. Unless you just like retro stuff.
- SAS - SATA on steroids, still used
- FC - optic stuff
Types of tape storage
- LTO - the absolute leader in this industry. AFAIK, nearly every industry is using this.
- DLT - Failed competitor to LTO
- DDS - Latest gen was introduced in 2009 with raw 160GB
- DAT - initially allowed cassette tapes to record music in digital format, later found uses for data storage
